The Skywalker hoolock gibbon or Gaoligong hoolock gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) is an arboreal primate in the gibbon family, Hylobatidae. It is one of three species of hoolock gibbon and was first described in January 2017 in the American Journal of Primatology.^[6] The Skywalker hoolock gibbon is one of two species of Eastern hoolocks: H. tianxing and H. leuconedys.^[3] Researchers estimate H. tianxing diverged from H. leuconedys roughly 490,000 years ago.^[4] The Eastern hoolock is vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, with a population of 310,000–370,000 individuals.^[3] Of this population, H. tianxing makes up less than 150 individuals, making the Skywalker hoolock gibbon an endangered species.^[7]

The Skywalker hoolock gibbon is named after Luke Skywalker from the Star Wars franchise, as the scientists who described it are fans of the franchise.^[8][9] The specific name tianxing is the Pinyin transliteration of the Chinese terms 天 (tiān) meaning "heaven" and 行 (xíng) meaning "movement".^[10][11] The name is a reference to brachiation, the main locomotory mode of gibbons, and derived from the text of the I Ching, an ancient Chinese book of divination.

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